A similar problem to that of contrastive focus on the verb arises when constituents which contain the heads of larger constituents are focused.
In Russian declaratives with neutral intonation
have
right-edge focus. The size of the focus constituent depends on the
context. So, (11) can either be interpreted as focusing just the
object knigu `book' or the verb and its object
procitala knigu `read book'.
\
(11)
The question is how to assign this type of focus. One possibility is
to annotate a clause-final constituent
(
FOC), as in
(12).
(12)
(13)
However, this results in the entire f-structure being the focus of the clause, not just the verb and its object. This is the same problem that arose with contrastive focus. Since the head of the f-structure is focused, the entire f-structure is focused, not just the desired sub-parts. It also has the same problem with the focus containing itself as occured with the focus in neutral yes-no questions.
Another possibility is to annotate clause-final leaf-nodes (
PRED)
(
FOC) from right to left. As such, only the PRED values of
the relevant constituents will be focused.
(14)
(15)
However, the PRED of the verb contains its arguments, here the subject and object, and as a result will incorrectly include the subject in the focus. Once again, the problem is that focusing the head of the f-structure results in the whole f-structure being focused, including the arguments of that head.