| Mary Dalrymple | Helge Lødrup |
| Xerox PARC | Department of Linguistics |
| Palo Alto CA 94304 USA | University of Oslo |
| dalrymple@parc.xerox.com | Po.Box 1102 Blindern |
| N-0317 Oslo Norway | |
| helge.lodrup@ilf.uio.no |
The grammatical function of complement clauses has been the subject of some controversy in the LFG community. Traditionally, finite complement clauses were assumed to bear the grammatical function COMP. More recently, Alsina et al. (1996) proposed that the COMP function is superfluous, and that all finite complements have the grammatical function OBJ.
We will show that clausal complements (to be more exact, non-subject, non-extraposed finite clausal complements) can in fact bear either grammatical function: some clausal complements bear the grammatical function OBJ, and some bear COMP. In some languages, those we call "mixed" languages, both kinds of clausal complements are attested, with the function of the clausal complement depending on the governing predicate. The existence of mixed languages clearly shows that a distinction between COMP and OBJ is necessary in the description of the syntax of clausal complementation, and more generally that the richer inventory of grammatical functions traditionally assumed in LFG is justified.
In some languages (for example Spanish and Icelandic), all clausal complements bear the OBJ function. Clausal complements in such languages alternate with NP OBJs and share the grammatical properties of NP OBJs. For example, they can trigger transitivity marking on the verb, they can topicalize and enter into other unbounded dependencies, and they can coordinate with an NP OBJ. In contrast, clausal complements that bear the COMP grammatical function do not share these properties.
Mixed languages, languages in which clausal complements with the same syntactic form can be OBJs or COMPs depending upon the governing predicate, include Slave (Athapaskan), German, Swedish and English. Consider the case of German. In our analysis, verbs like glauben 'believe' and sagen `say' always take an OBJ, which can be nominal or clausal. A clausal OBJ has the grammatical properties expected of an OBJ; for example, it can topicalize:
| (1) | Dass Hans krank ist glaube ich (Webelhuth 1992:103) |
| that Hans sick is believe I | |
| `That Hans is sick, I believe.' |
| (2) | *Dass Hans krank ist informierte ich ihn (Webelhuth 1992:105) |
| that Hans sick is informed I him | |
| `That Hans is sick, I informed him.' |